What is the process called when an unstable nucleus emits radiation and transforms into different nuclides?

The process by which an unstable nucleus emits radiation and transforms into different nuclides is known as radioactive decay. This term specifically describes the spontaneous process by which unstable isotopes lose energy by emitting radiation in various forms, such as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. As a result, the original nuclide is converted into a different nuclide, which may also be unstable and continue to decay, or it may reach a stable form.

Radioactive decay is essential for understanding nuclear physics and the behavior of radioactive materials, as it encompasses all forms of decay processes that result in the transformation of nuclides. This process is characterized by a predictable decay rate and is used in various applications, ranging from carbon dating to medical treatments.

The other terms, while related to nuclear processes, do not accurately capture the specific phenomenon of an unstable nucleus emitting radiation and changing into different nuclides.