What primarily contributes to health risks from radon exposure?

The health risks from radon exposure are primarily associated with alpha particles released from radon decay products (RDPs). When radon gas decays, it emits alpha particles, which are a form of ionizing radiation. These alpha particles can be harmful when inhaled, as they can damage the cells in the lung tissue. This damage increases the risk of lung cancer, particularly in individuals who are exposed to high levels of radon for extended periods.

Unlike beta particles or gamma rays, alpha particles have a significantly higher mass and charge, making them more effective at causing cellular damage. Beta particles, while also a form of radiation, do not pose the same level of risk as alpha particles in the context of radon exposure in indoor environments. Similarly, gamma rays, which can penetrate materials more easily, are not a primary concern with radon-derived exposures compared to the localized damage caused by inhaled alpha-emitting particles.

Understanding the specific dangers posed by radon and its decay products is crucial for implementing effective measurement and mitigation strategies.