What type of radiation from radon decay is known to cause lung cancer?

The radiation from radon decay that is known to cause lung cancer is alpha particles. Alpha particles are heavy, positively charged particles that are emitted during the radioactive decay of certain elements, including radon. When radon gas is inhaled, these alpha particles can interact with the cells in the lining of the lungs. This can lead to cellular damage and mutations that may eventually result in lung cancer.

Alpha radiation is particularly concerning for lung health because it has a high mass and charge, which allows it to cause significant biological damage when it deposits energy in lung tissues. Unlike beta particles and gamma rays, which have less mass and charge, alpha particles can inflict more direct damage at a cellular level. Therefore, the presence of radon in homes and buildings is a critical public health issue due to its potential to emit harmful alpha radiation. Inhalation of radon decay products, which release alpha particles, is a key pathway for the carcinogenic effects linked to radon exposure.